Marketing Plan for an Online MBA Program Case Study

Marketing Plan for an Online MBA Program - Case Study Example For instance, a student will not be able to have a class-room or a face to face experience with his/her faculties and could also miss out on those regular industrial trips. Apart from discussing the marketing plan, the other main focus of this report is to provide the advantages of an online-MBA program over an on-site program. To begin, an overview of the Kaplan University are discussed followed by the description of the target markets, competitors, product and services, location, pricing strategy and finally the report concludes with the implementation plan of an online MBA program and a summary. An online-MBA program is ideal for professionals who wish to soar in their careers but cannot afford to pursue a full time course. According to the Manya Group, one can acquire an MBA degree through the mode of distance learning where the interaction with the faculty is almost virtual, with the aid of communication technologies like the internet, email and video conferencing. Kaplan University is one of the many universities which provide online educational programs for those who wish to pursue their masters' degree but do not have sufficient time to attend traditional courses. Kaplan University was founded in 1937 and was formally known as Kaplan College (Kaplan College Reviews). Kaplan University offers top class business education and training for their students and offers more than 300 online Bachelor degree, certificate and diploma programs. According to their official website, Kaplan University focuses on adding a human touch to the high technology of learning online.The next few pages would describe the Marketing Plan for Kaplan University's online MBA program.A marketing plan is a written document that details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives (Marketing Plan - Wikipedia, online source). Description of the Target Market Markets can be segmented using a lot of approaches which would include Demographic, socio-economic and psychographic approaches (Adrian Palmer, 2004). According to Adrian Palmer (2004), age is probably one of the most widely used bases for market segmentation. The Target Market for the online MBA course at Kaplan University would be for working professionals, students and even housewives who wish to pursue higher education between the age group of 22 to 60. According to U.S News and World Report, about 50% of current graduate students are over age 30 and nearly 25% are over 40 (Michael Hergert). Fig 1 shows the marketing Ps and centralization of the target market Ways of targeting people for enrollment: With the advent of the internet, e-mail has become an efficient and the cheapest way of targeting a lot of people towards your company but one must be careful of spamming as this could also lead to junk mails (Adrian Palmer, 2004). E-mails can be sent out to these targeted groups informing about the online MBA courses available to them by offering concessions on fees and added advantages of an online educational experience. Other methods could also be done by using radio broadcasts

Employment and Line Management Essay Example for Free

Employment and Line Management Essay †¢1.1 Communication is a vital thing in the workshop, it is very important so that jobs are done productively and correctly. If the communication in the workshop was poor mistakes would Begin to take place and accidents could occur. †¢1.2 The different methods of communication to the line management and colleagues are by talking to one another, team meetings, by telephone and even letters. In busy circumstances its best to use the telephone as its time efficient instead of wondering around searching for people. †¢1.3 The different methods of communication to my and colleagues are by talking to one another, team meetings, by telephone, letters and even hand signals. These are all helpful in different circumstances such as when its extremely noisy in the workshop and a person is on the other side of the workshop, hand signals would be best in that situation. †¢2.1 To plan my sequence of work from the relevant information I am given I find out what materials I require, what tools I need to assist me through the job and what PPE I need to protect me from the dangers. †¢2.2 When starting a new job I firstly look for any mistakes in the drawing, once I am satisfied I then carry on by finding out what materials I require to complete the job and then finally retrieve all of my tools that I need to assist me through the work process until I complete the job. †¢2.3 Work is carried out to the workshop using job plans, risk assessments and all other procedures. The resources that I use are job sheets, shop plans, time sheets and drawings. To reduce carbon emissions, there is an extraction system installed into the workshop. †¢2.4 The way our workshop contributes to a low carbon emission environment is that we have extraction systems built throughout the workshop to keep the emission levels at a low level. †¢3.1 The required relevant documentation that I provide is my time sheet. It shows the amount of hours I have spent on a job so that the consultants can then get a price to give to the customers. †¢3.2 I maintain my drawings and time sheets by keeping them in a locked draw. Time sheets are required to be filled in and complete every week and has to be submitted on a Monday morning before 8:00am. †¢3.3 If I do not ensure that my time sheets are not handed in on time, I will not get paid at the end of the week. With my job sheets, if it’s not complete within the given hours the customer has to pay more as the labour cost raises. †¢4.1 I am very able to work productively to the agreed specification and inline with the line management, colleagues and relevant people involved by finding out if they are pleased with the work produced and the quality. †¢4.2 I find that everyone is equal and that no one should be treated different. People tend to treat apprentices with less respect than others as they are not qualified and think they are not capable. Apprentice or not, people should not be treated different. †¢4.3 To maintain a good working relationship in my place of work I do the work that is asked of me and in the required time and in a good quality. With individuals I get on with them by being polite and cleaning after myself. †¢4.4 I think it’s good to keep a good working relation ship with the line management and colleagues as it doesn’t make it a challenge to talk to them or ask them for any information that is required. †¢4.5 Getting on with the line management and other working colleagues is important because it can make your time there difficult and non bearable. It also doesn’t make it a challenge when needing to ask for information or a specification. †¢4.6 When working with others you must never treat them any different than you would like to be treated. You should never talk down to people or think of them as lower than you.

Science vs. Religion Essay -- Religious Science Creationism Essays

Science vs. Religion Since the dawn of man, humans have striven to explain the many mysteries of the universe, and to justify our existence in it. Throughout this journey of self-understanding, numerous standpoints on human existence have evolved and merged into a complex, abstract manifestation called religion. However, as the human race has grown and advanced itself, many ideas expressed by religion seem less and less plausible. Advances in science and technology have yielded a new breed of human thought that has disturbed and shaken the foundations of religious ideology. Our new, scientifically grounded understanding of the universe has unfolded a plethora of answers to age-old questions, which are antithetical to the explanations offered by religion. As strong scientific evidence has surfaced which is contrary to the prevailing religious view, open-minded believers have adapted their beliefs accordingly, but many fundamentalists refuse to accept scientific evidence. This is the root of the dilem ma between science and religion. Many philosophers and theists have offered their views concerning the ongoing battle between science and religion. Reconciliation between science and religion is impossible, because the claims made by religion and the evidence provided by science are so extraordinarily different. The advance of science has caused many theists to compromise traditional religious beliefs in order to facilitate scientific evidence, thus proving that scientific explanations of the universe are more plausible than the rationales offered by religion. An excellent example of this can be seen in the question of the age of the planet Earth. According to religious theology, the Earth is less than ten thousand years old. However, there is an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence that proves the Earth to be many billions of years old. Many religious thinkers have responded to this evidence, by claiming that the methods used to ascertain the Earth's age are inaccurate. They argue that radioactive dating; a widely accepted method of determining the age of rocks, is inaccurate because there is no available rock sample of a known age, which the method can be calibrated to. However, this argument is obsolete, because the only calibration required to find the age of a rock is the measurement of decay rates, which can be found in the laboratory in... ...ith. Many theists point out that certain aspects of nature are also invisible, such as gravitational fields and magnetic fields (Foster 60). However, a parallel cannot be drawn between the invisibility of these natural phenomenons and the invisibility of god, because these aspects of nature can be measured. God, on the other hand, cannot be proven to exist through empirical evidence. If scientific evidence exists that refutes the teachings of the bible, then why do people believe in religion? Religion gives humanity a sense of security, a sense of individual purpose, and most importantly, brings people together. Arguably the most important aspects of any valid religion is its belief in a code of conduct, a set of moral teachings that define how people should behave towards others. Religion is one of the major ways one generation passes on its values and morals to each succeeding generation. Religion has also been viewed as a way to control the masses. According to Karl Marx, "Religion is the opium of the people" (Microsoft Bookshelf CD-ROM 1998). Despite the scientific arguments that challenge the teachings of religion, religion will always remain an institution in our society.

Malaysians Are Like the Rainbow

Malaysians Are Like The Rainbow * Social Science Essays  (16,747)  Ã¢â‚¬ º * Current Issues  (676) †¦ Twin Towers; tallest in the world, an emblem of Malaysian pride and  Putrajaya; a modern city. All these have proven the competitive spirit of Malaysians†¦ Malaysians are like the rainbow. Seven different colours streaking across the sky. Captivating and pleasant to the eyes. Reminiscent of the bridge that connects both sides of the world. The rainbow reflects upon our country, Malaysia. By looking at the big picture, it is a nation consisting of colourful people and religion.I believe in the true spirit of ‘Malaysia Boleh' and it is not just any MAD hollering in the stadium. It is who we are, Malaysians. Malaysians are undoubtedly capable of achieving their dreams and hopes. Look at what Malaysians have accomplished so far since â€Å"Merdeka†, what we also know as independence or the day this country obtained freedom from foreign powers. For forty fiv e years, Malaysians have recorded many incredible feats along the way. To name a few would be easy, such as the Petronas Twin Towers; tallest in the world, an emblem of Malaysian pride and Putrajaya; a modern city.All these have proven the competitive spirit of Malaysians. What others are capable of, we can do it too. That is what ‘boleh' all about. Moreover, it means that as a Malaysian, you have to play your role in bringing this country a head above the rest. In my opinion, that is what being a Malaysian means. The greatest gift which all Malaysians are blessed with; which most of us do not realize, is that our country is one of the most peaceful places on earth. I am really thankful that I was born a Malaysian.Not in any other country like Afghanistan or being born an ‘untouchable'; the lowest caste in India. I am the most privileged person on earth. I am living in a country that is united, advanced and harmonious. Isn't that great? I feel lucky even till today, as I am†¦ Putrajaya  is a  planned city, located 25km south of  Kuala Lumpur, that serves as the federal administrative centre of  Malaysia. The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya, due to the overcrowding and congestion in the Kuala Lumpur areas.Nevertheless,  Kuala Lumpur  remains Malaysia's national capital, being the seat of the  King  and  Parliament, as well as the country's commercial and financial centre. Putrajaya was the brainchild of former Prime Minister  Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad. In 2001, Putrajaya became Malaysia's third  Federal Territory  after Kuala Lumpur and  Labuan. Named after the first  Malaysian Prime Minister,  Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, the city is situated within the  Multimedia Super Corridor, beside the also newly developed  Cyberjaya.In  Malay/Sanskrit, the words â€Å"putra† or â€Å"putera† means â€Å"prince† or â€Å"male child† (â€Å"girl child† is called â€Å"Putri† in  Sanskrit), and â€Å"jaya† means â€Å"success† or â€Å"victory†. The development of Putrajaya started in early 1990s, and today major landmarks are completed and the population is expected to grow bigger. Putrajaya, which was originally  Prang Besar   , was opened in 1918 as Air Hitam by the British. Its original land space was 800 acres (3. 2  km2), which was later expanded to 8,000 acres (32  km2). Prang Besar later expanded and merged with its surrounding estates such as Estet Raja Alang, Estet Galloway and Estet Bukit Prang.The vision to have a new Federal Government Administrative Centre to replace Kuala Lumpur as the administrative capital emerged in the late 1980s, during the tenure of Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister,  Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad. The new city was proposed to be located between Kuala Lumpur and the new  KL International Airport (KLIA). The Federal government negotiated with the state of Selan gor on the prospect of another Federal Territory and in the mid-1990s, the Federal government paid a substantial amount of money to Selangor for approximately 11,320 acres (45.   km2) of land in Prang Besar, Selangor. As a result of this land purchase, the state of Selangor now completely surrounds two Federal Territories within its borders, namely Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Planned as a garden and  intelligent city, 38% of the area is reserved for green spaces by emphasising the enhancement of natural landscape. A network of open spaces and wide boulevards were incorporated to the plan. Construction began in August 1995 and it was Malaysia's biggest project and one of Southeast Asia's largest with estimated final cost of US$ 8. billion. The entire project was designed and constructed by Malaysian companies with only 10% of the materials imported. The  Asian Financial Crisis  of 1997/1998 had somewhat slowed the development of Putrajaya. In 1999, 300 staff members of the Pr ime Minister's office moved to Putrajaya and the remaining government servants moved in 2005. On 1 February 2001 Tun Dr. Mahathir declared Putrajaya as a Federal Territory with the ceremony of handing over Putrajaya township from the Selangor state authorities.In 2002, a  high speed rail  link called  KLIA Transit  was opened, linking Putrajaya to both Kuala Lumpur and KL International Airport in  Sepang. However, construction of thePutrajaya Monorail  which was intended to be the city's metro system, was suspended due to costs. One of the monorail suspension bridges in Putrajaya remains unused. In 2007, the population of Putrajaya was estimated to be over 30,000, which comprised mainly government servants. ————————————————- Putra Square From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from  Putrajaya Independence Square) This article  does not  cite   any  references or sources. Please help  improve this article  by  adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and  removed. (December 2009)| The  Putra Square  (Malay:  Dataran Putra) is a  city square  located opposite the Prime Minister's office complex,  Perdana Putra, in  Putrajaya,  Malaysia. The square has been used for festivals such as the Malaysian Independence Day parade. The 300 meter circular Putra Square is bounded by Perdana Putra,  Putra Mosque, Putra Bridge and the Promenade Shopping Mall. ———————————————— [edit]Design Designed as two concentric plazas surrounded by Putra Perdana Park, the circular ceremonial area is an open hard landscape encircled by  Charbaghs, which acts as a transition between the parks and the ceremonial area. Inside the Charbagh is an interplay of paths, water channels, fl ower beds and trees. The Square is divided into 11 segments, in the pattern of an 11-pointed star. The outer 11-pointed star represents the 11 states f  Malaya  when the country gained independence in August 1957, the inner 13-pointed star represents the 13  statesof Malaysia and the 14-pointed star includes the new addition of the  Federal Territory. The progressive arrangements of the different pointed stars finally culminate in a circle at the centre of the Square. The circle symbolises the ultimate goal of unity. ————————————————- [edit]See also ————————————————- Putrajaya Lake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Putrajaya Lake| | Location| Putrajaya|Lake type| artificial lake| Basin  countries| Malaysia| | | Putrajaya Lake  is located at the ce ntre of  Putrajaya  city,  Malaysia. This 650ha man-made lake is designed to act as a natural cooling system for the city and also for recreation, fishing, water sports and water  transport. On September 26, 2004 the  F1  Powerboat  Championship was held on this lake for the first time (third time hosted by  Malaysia). In 2005 Putrajaya hosted the Asian  Canoeing  Championships. ————————————————- Transport From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia â€Å"Transportation† redirects here.For other uses, see  Transport (disambiguation)  and  Transportation (disambiguation). People walking in front of the  bulk carrierBW  Fjord French  National Police  use several modes of transport, each with their distinct advantages Part of a series on| Transport| Modes| * Animal-powered   * Aviation   * Cable * Human-powered   * Pipeline   * Railà ‚   * Road   * Ship * Space| Topics| * History   * Timeline  Ã‚   * Outline| Transport portal| * v   * t   * e| Transport  or  transportation  is the movement of people, animals and  goods  from one location to another.Modes of transport  include  air,rail,  road,  water,  cable,  pipeline, and  space. The field can be divided into  infrastructure,  vehicles, and  operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be  roads,  railways,  airways,  waterways,canals  and  pipelines, and terminals such as  airports,  railway stations,  bus stations,  warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and  fuel stations), and  seaports.Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on th ese networks may include  automobiles,  bicycles,  buses,  trains,  trucks,  people,  helicopters, and  aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.Passenger transport may be  public, where operators provide scheduled services, or  private. Freight transport has become focused oncontainerization, although  bulk transport  is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause  air pollution  and  use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain  urban sprawl. Malaysians Are Like the Rainbow Malaysians Are Like The Rainbow * Social Science Essays  (16,747)  Ã¢â‚¬ º * Current Issues  (676) †¦ Twin Towers; tallest in the world, an emblem of Malaysian pride and  Putrajaya; a modern city. All these have proven the competitive spirit of Malaysians†¦ Malaysians are like the rainbow. Seven different colours streaking across the sky. Captivating and pleasant to the eyes. Reminiscent of the bridge that connects both sides of the world. The rainbow reflects upon our country, Malaysia. By looking at the big picture, it is a nation consisting of colourful people and religion.I believe in the true spirit of ‘Malaysia Boleh' and it is not just any MAD hollering in the stadium. It is who we are, Malaysians. Malaysians are undoubtedly capable of achieving their dreams and hopes. Look at what Malaysians have accomplished so far since â€Å"Merdeka†, what we also know as independence or the day this country obtained freedom from foreign powers. For forty fiv e years, Malaysians have recorded many incredible feats along the way. To name a few would be easy, such as the Petronas Twin Towers; tallest in the world, an emblem of Malaysian pride and Putrajaya; a modern city.All these have proven the competitive spirit of Malaysians. What others are capable of, we can do it too. That is what ‘boleh' all about. Moreover, it means that as a Malaysian, you have to play your role in bringing this country a head above the rest. In my opinion, that is what being a Malaysian means. The greatest gift which all Malaysians are blessed with; which most of us do not realize, is that our country is one of the most peaceful places on earth. I am really thankful that I was born a Malaysian.Not in any other country like Afghanistan or being born an ‘untouchable'; the lowest caste in India. I am the most privileged person on earth. I am living in a country that is united, advanced and harmonious. Isn't that great? I feel lucky even till today, as I am†¦ Putrajaya  is a  planned city, located 25km south of  Kuala Lumpur, that serves as the federal administrative centre of  Malaysia. The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya, due to the overcrowding and congestion in the Kuala Lumpur areas.Nevertheless,  Kuala Lumpur  remains Malaysia's national capital, being the seat of the  King  and  Parliament, as well as the country's commercial and financial centre. Putrajaya was the brainchild of former Prime Minister  Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad. In 2001, Putrajaya became Malaysia's third  Federal Territory  after Kuala Lumpur and  Labuan. Named after the first  Malaysian Prime Minister,  Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, the city is situated within the  Multimedia Super Corridor, beside the also newly developed  Cyberjaya.In  Malay/Sanskrit, the words â€Å"putra† or â€Å"putera† means â€Å"prince† or â€Å"male child† (â€Å"girl child† is called â€Å"Putri† in  Sanskrit), and â€Å"jaya† means â€Å"success† or â€Å"victory†. The development of Putrajaya started in early 1990s, and today major landmarks are completed and the population is expected to grow bigger. Putrajaya, which was originally  Prang Besar   , was opened in 1918 as Air Hitam by the British. Its original land space was 800 acres (3. 2  km2), which was later expanded to 8,000 acres (32  km2). Prang Besar later expanded and merged with its surrounding estates such as Estet Raja Alang, Estet Galloway and Estet Bukit Prang.The vision to have a new Federal Government Administrative Centre to replace Kuala Lumpur as the administrative capital emerged in the late 1980s, during the tenure of Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister,  Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad. The new city was proposed to be located between Kuala Lumpur and the new  KL International Airport (KLIA). The Federal government negotiated with the state of Selan gor on the prospect of another Federal Territory and in the mid-1990s, the Federal government paid a substantial amount of money to Selangor for approximately 11,320 acres (45.   km2) of land in Prang Besar, Selangor. As a result of this land purchase, the state of Selangor now completely surrounds two Federal Territories within its borders, namely Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Planned as a garden and  intelligent city, 38% of the area is reserved for green spaces by emphasising the enhancement of natural landscape. A network of open spaces and wide boulevards were incorporated to the plan. Construction began in August 1995 and it was Malaysia's biggest project and one of Southeast Asia's largest with estimated final cost of US$ 8. billion. The entire project was designed and constructed by Malaysian companies with only 10% of the materials imported. The  Asian Financial Crisis  of 1997/1998 had somewhat slowed the development of Putrajaya. In 1999, 300 staff members of the Pr ime Minister's office moved to Putrajaya and the remaining government servants moved in 2005. On 1 February 2001 Tun Dr. Mahathir declared Putrajaya as a Federal Territory with the ceremony of handing over Putrajaya township from the Selangor state authorities.In 2002, a  high speed rail  link called  KLIA Transit  was opened, linking Putrajaya to both Kuala Lumpur and KL International Airport in  Sepang. However, construction of thePutrajaya Monorail  which was intended to be the city's metro system, was suspended due to costs. One of the monorail suspension bridges in Putrajaya remains unused. In 2007, the population of Putrajaya was estimated to be over 30,000, which comprised mainly government servants. ————————————————- Putra Square From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from  Putrajaya Independence Square) This article  does not  cite   any  references or sources. Please help  improve this article  by  adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and  removed. (December 2009)| The  Putra Square  (Malay:  Dataran Putra) is a  city square  located opposite the Prime Minister's office complex,  Perdana Putra, in  Putrajaya,  Malaysia. The square has been used for festivals such as the Malaysian Independence Day parade. The 300 meter circular Putra Square is bounded by Perdana Putra,  Putra Mosque, Putra Bridge and the Promenade Shopping Mall. ———————————————— [edit]Design Designed as two concentric plazas surrounded by Putra Perdana Park, the circular ceremonial area is an open hard landscape encircled by  Charbaghs, which acts as a transition between the parks and the ceremonial area. Inside the Charbagh is an interplay of paths, water channels, fl ower beds and trees. The Square is divided into 11 segments, in the pattern of an 11-pointed star. The outer 11-pointed star represents the 11 states f  Malaya  when the country gained independence in August 1957, the inner 13-pointed star represents the 13  statesof Malaysia and the 14-pointed star includes the new addition of the  Federal Territory. The progressive arrangements of the different pointed stars finally culminate in a circle at the centre of the Square. The circle symbolises the ultimate goal of unity. ————————————————- [edit]See also ————————————————- Putrajaya Lake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Putrajaya Lake| | Location| Putrajaya|Lake type| artificial lake| Basin  countries| Malaysia| | | Putrajaya Lake  is located at the ce ntre of  Putrajaya  city,  Malaysia. This 650ha man-made lake is designed to act as a natural cooling system for the city and also for recreation, fishing, water sports and water  transport. On September 26, 2004 the  F1  Powerboat  Championship was held on this lake for the first time (third time hosted by  Malaysia). In 2005 Putrajaya hosted the Asian  Canoeing  Championships. ————————————————- Transport From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia â€Å"Transportation† redirects here.For other uses, see  Transport (disambiguation)  and  Transportation (disambiguation). People walking in front of the  bulk carrierBW  Fjord French  National Police  use several modes of transport, each with their distinct advantages Part of a series on| Transport| Modes| * Animal-powered   * Aviation   * Cable * Human-powered   * Pipeline   * Railà ‚   * Road   * Ship * Space| Topics| * History   * Timeline  Ã‚   * Outline| Transport portal| * v   * t   * e| Transport  or  transportation  is the movement of people, animals and  goods  from one location to another.Modes of transport  include  air,rail,  road,  water,  cable,  pipeline, and  space. The field can be divided into  infrastructure,  vehicles, and  operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be  roads,  railways,  airways,  waterways,canals  and  pipelines, and terminals such as  airports,  railway stations,  bus stations,  warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and  fuel stations), and  seaports.Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on th ese networks may include  automobiles,  bicycles,  buses,  trains,  trucks,  people,  helicopters, and  aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.Passenger transport may be  public, where operators provide scheduled services, or  private. Freight transport has become focused oncontainerization, although  bulk transport  is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause  air pollution  and  use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain  urban sprawl.

The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Reservation

The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Reservation is a Native American reserve which has been through a batch in history. This Tribe used to be many folks so combined into one many old ages ago. Uniting all the traditions was one thing, lasting the land being taking, expiration and Restoration are all things many people do non cognize approximately. History books for grade school instruction have created false history merely late allowing the truth be reviled. This folk has gone through a batch but still stands strong. The Reservation is in West Oregon located 12 stat mis from Newport. For my concluding paper I have gone to research the reserve, had many interviews, talked to seniors, read parts of the history book about the folk and looked on the web site. I am a Siletz Indian but was ne'er taught any of the traditions or knew most of the history, this undertaking and category have given me the chance to make so. The first clip I of all time went to my reserve I was anticipating something beautiful, and that I would ne'er bury. Not stating that is non beautiful or that I would of all time bury it but let’s say it was non what I was anticipating. It is the stereotyped little town, poorness, intoxicant and drug usage. There is tonss of smoke, imbibing, fleshiness and diabetes on the reserve. At first I didn’t understand why these things were such large issues. But I have late come to recognize why and I now understand my grandfather’s concluding for go forthing and ne'er truly learning my brother and I the history or the traditions. For many old ages I was angry about this, I was besides angry about non acquiring to travel to or populate on the reserve but I am no longer angry with my Grandpa, I can see why he did all that he did to acquire off and do a better state of affairs for his household. The ground the folk is called â€Å"Confederated folks of† is because when Oregon was first being taken over there were folks all over. The 1s in South Oregon and Northern Cali were pushed over to Siletz. For the white adult male seting Indians on reserves was called â€Å"getting rid of the Indian problem† . The folk that came together to do Siletz spoke around 11 different linguistic communications. There were many Tribes which were forced to travel together they include â€Å"Clatsop, Chinook, Klickitat, Molala, Kalapuya, Tillamook, Alsea, Siuslaw/Lower Umpqua, Coos, Coquelle, Upper Umpqua, Tututni ( including all the lower Rogue River Bands and those widening up the seashore to Floras Creek and down to Whales Head ) , Chetco ( including all of the small towns from Whales Head to the Winchuck River ) , Tolowa, Takelma ( including the Illinois Valley/mid-Rogue River and Cow Creek peoples ) , Galice/Applegate, and Shasta† ( Part 1, Paragraph 6 ) . Bing a coastal folk and life off the land and its resources the chief nutrient they ate was fish, shellfish and whale. Though they were put on the reserves they were told non to make many traditional things like have huddles. However they would hold huddles around the American vacations and say that they were making vacation related things. Besides when traveling households to reserves they would direct kids’ grade school ages to get oning schools. The one most of the Siletz childs went to is in Salem and it is called Chemawa. At the get oning school the small misss would hold their hair chopped away and the male childs would acquire shaved. They were forced to larn about Christianity, how to move and eat decently. They had to alter everything they learned as kids and follow new â€Å"rules† of life. Many of the older kids would move out and either acquire beaten or kicked out of the school. My great-great grandparents were two that acted out, they besides got kicked out after acqui ring pregnant. When the expiration Torahs started go oning Siletz was one that it hit hard. The Natives no longer had rights to the land and its resources and since everyone was now considered black or white, they were white. It says white on my grampss and parents birth certifications. It was during the expiration period that Natives gazing going really low category and holding imbibing jobs. This has led to many jobs that are still on reserves today but we will speak about that later on. Another go oning during this clip was Natives acquiring ill and deceasing from deathly diseases they got exposed to. After making more research about this I found out that it was before contact with the Europeans that tribes in Oregon were acquiring ill. The Tribes from the E warning them about the white work forces had spread lifelessly pandemics. One-half of my great-great grand-parents kids died for TB. When Lewis and Clark came to the state in 1805 when they explored the Northwest to happen that many small to wns â€Å"de-populated by disease† ( Part 2 Paragraph 5 ) . My whole life I was told that Lewis and Clark coming over was when the land was get downing to acquire taken over. I had no thought that there were so many old ages when colonists merely left the Natives be in Northwest and merely had contact with them when researching â€Å"most white contact with our people before 1845 or so was fugitive, dwelling of bargainers, trappers, adventurers of different sort† ( Part 4 Paragraph 1 ) . The first existent jurisprudence covering with the people of the Northwest and new colonists was a â€Å" Northwest Regulation † in 1787 stating the Natives that their land and rights will be protected. This jurisprudence was taken back in 1846. Then following large jurisprudence we learned about in category â€Å"The Oregon Donation act† which was promised land given any new colonist in the country. This is when all the reserves were established. In 1951 there were battles get downing to go on, small towns being attacked. The colonists were naming this the â€Å"extermination movement† . When the folks were being taken to Siletz most of the work forces were shot and adult female and kids were marched at that place, this took many trips. Not merely covering with seeking to talk the same linguistic communication, but the folks that came together had different ways of shelter and nutrient, this caused a batch of jobs at foremost. They had to work together while bei ng forced to go â€Å"civilized† . One thing that was really interesting to larn was what the folk usage to utilize as money. They use these thin white shells called Dentalium shell. These are now made into beautiful jewellery. They use to be traded until paper money was created. There was a jurisprudence passed in 1924 called â€Å"Indian Citizenship Act† , this was stating all Native Americans that they were now portion of the United States and no longer considered Natives. It was 37 old ages and 4 months ago that the Siletz reserve was given their land back. In award of this they have an one-year Restoration huddles head at their casino in Lincoln City. This is in award of their rights. They restoration allowed each folk that is recognized by the authorities to have a casino. The one owned by Siletz is called Chinook Winds Casino ; it is located about 45 stat mis from the reserve. Some of the tradition and manner the folk is structured today is by royalty, a authorities council and a whip work forces and adult females. All the royalty is adult females, who represent the folk by traveling to powwows all around the US and viing in dance and membranophone competitions. The membranophone group is called the â€Å"West Coast Boyz† . The royalty consists of Miss Siletz, Jr. Miss Siletz and small Miss Siletz. They are chosen one time a twelvemonth to be the representative for that twelvemonth and scope in different age groups. The council consists of nine members elected every 3 old ages for a 3 twelvemonth period. The vote regulations are same as the remainder of Oregon and any member can vote at the age of 18 or older. The Tribes president is a adult female and she has been president for I believe my whole life. She represents the folk at Unite States authorities Native events and has had multiple meetings with the United States presidents. To be enrolled in the folk your blood has to be 1/16 Siletz or higher. There used to be so many tribal members that we could non maintain path but today is a small over 5,000 members. Each member is given a figure which represents how long they have been enrolled and helps with fiscal things. I talked to my gramps about his experience of turning up on the reserve. His name is Howard Fleming, my gramps does non wish to speak about this is it was difficult to acquire it out of him. My gramps was the youngest of four. He use to acquire in problem all the clip, the instructors at his school did non like Indians. All of his friends and siblings were bad. They got called atrocious names like â€Å"half-breed† . People didn’t like his household because his ma was white. I said earlier that my great-great grandparents were kicked out of chemawa for acquiring pregnant, they had 5 kids. Three of them passed off from the disease pandemics. My great gramps married a white adult female and was disowned by most of his household. He was the 1 who got an allocation of land that was taken off after the expiration period. My grandfather had a difficult clip being on the reserve back so, acquiring in problem, all the racism and observation, any people ruin their lives because they didn’t think they had anything else to make. My grandfather moved off when he was 17 and didn’t travel back for many old ages. Now he takes my brother and I to the huddle one time a twelvemonth in the summer. The Tribe still has many traditions, non all that they use to but still a few that I know of. They have an one-year huddle every twelvemonth the 2nd weekend in August. It is the biggest 1 in the Northwest. Tribes from all over the state come to vie in the dance and membranophone competitions. One thing that I have really done with my Grandfather is on Memorial Day weekend we got the Gravess of our household. We clean the Gravess by picking weeds and grass out of the rectangle of soil covering where the coffin lies, we clean the caput rocks and we put fresh soil the hill of soil were the coffin lies. This is all out of regard, it is respectful non to walk on them so by seeing were they lie you don’t measure on them. Turning up I didn’t understand of these things and why we do them but I am larning. I wish I could be more involved in the folk but I do non fault my grandfather for anything he did. Traveling to the reserve now is really particular to me. Standing by the river hearing to the beating cognizing what all has happened there I get a feeling that is difficult to explicate but I know I am in the right topographic point. Talking to my grandfather, traveling to the reserve and taking this category has taught me a batch. I have truly enjoyed researching and it makes me happy that I have chosen the right major for me. I am majoring in public wellness and minoring in cultural surveies because I want to work on the reserve. I want to assist the poorness, disease and dependence on the reserve. I want people to recognize that times have changed a batch and it’s Oklahoma to travel out and make things! I besides truly desire to alter that ? of the folk are corpulent. As a non so amusing gag my pa one time said to me â€Å"you could ne'er be Miss Siletz because you don’t weigh 300 pounds† . This is non nice or amusing but sadly it is true that the royalty are really over weight. One twenty-four hours I would wish to be able to dance or sing. I am non certain who will learn me but I will seek to larn. I love my civilization and I am really proud to be Native American. I am proud of the history and what my household has overcome. Writing this paper was a great chance for me to larn more about my civilization and tribe itself. Work Cited hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ctsi.nsn.us/chinook-indian-tribe-siletz-heritage/our-history Charles Wilkinson.â€Å"The Peoples Are Dancing Again – The History of the Siletz Tribe of Western Oregon†University of Washington, 2010, Print.

social observations essays

social observations essays For my social observations paper I attended a high school football game and observed how students interacted with fellow classmates, namely students from other towns, teachers, parents and even the town "super-fan". I also observed how they interacted with classmates of different race and ethnicity and how they didn't interact with the elderly. I expected to find that the students would be mainly in groups of the same social and economic status. I also expected to find the students keeping their distance away from the parents in the stands or the parents keeping their distance away from them. When I first arrived it was apparent that the "popular" students still sat in the same section (top left corner) in the stands as they did when I was a student there. It was obvious that the students that were in this group felt comfortable around other "popular" students. The students in this group rarely strayed away unless it was to the snack bar and when they did it was with 4 or 5 others. On their way back from the snack bar the teachers would sometimes try to start a conversation with the students but the students kept it short and sweet, afraid of what fellow classmates thought. There was very little interaction outside the group for fear of embarrassment. Most of the conversation outside the group was to the town super-fan who is more often than not intoxicated. He attends all the football, hockey, and baseball games and is often on the rowdy side. The students found it amusing to ask him questions and give him hypothetical situations. This was one of the very few times they interacted with non-group goers. The students from other towns are automatically viewed as outcasts and aren't included in the conversation. When students from other towns are introduced to people in the group, the students are often nice but then criticized their personality or clothing behind their back. One of the more popular students had a ...

The Role of Heroin in the Movie essays

The Role of Heroin in the Movie essays Drug czar Robert Wakefield (Michael Douglas) pretty much sums up this Activity Focus E-Mail for me when he says "It's hard to fight a war when the enemy is your own family after he realizes that his 16-year-old daughter Caroline is graduating from recreational drug use to habitual abuse a secret that Wakefields wife, Barbara, has been keeping from him. I would argue that Caroline was not necessarily the enemy per se, but she could be viewed in this movie as a pawn of Robert Wakefields true enemy the illegal drug trade. Now Im no Roger Ebert, but one aspect of the film that I particularly appreciated was that, while the movie clearly depicts the devastating consequences of Carolines deepening addiction (consequences not only for herself but also for her family), director Steven Soderbergh refuses to blatantly condemn any particular character for Carolines downfall. In other words, although I believe that the movie firmly establishes that the illegal drug trade is a problem affecting everyone and explores a diverse set of characters who are either fighting against drugs or fighting for drugs, either supplying drugs or consuming drugs, etc. Soderbergh does not overtly place the blame for Carolines addiction on anybody but Caroline. As well, although the movie follows parallel storylines involving very dissimilar characters with equally dissimilar objectives while demonstrating how drugs affect every single one of them on some level or another the film does not take an obviously specific political stance with regard to the production, distribution, and consumption of drugs thereby avoiding general moral issues relating to addiction. For example, Caroline evokes a forceful acknowledgment of the wasteful and destructive power of drugs she was the third-ranked student in her junior class at an exclusive private high school, yet ...

How to End a Sentence (A Guide to Terminal Punctuation)

How to End a Sentence (A Guide to Terminal Punctuation) How to End a Sentence (A Guide to Terminal Punctuation) Punctuation marks that can be used to end a sentence are known as a â€Å"terminal† punctuation. But what exactly are your options in this respect? Check out our guide to terminal punctuation to find out. The Period The period (sometimes also known as a â€Å"full stop†) is the most common type of terminal punctuation. They are used for any sentences that are not questions or exclamations. For instance: Brevity is the soul of wit. This finality is why people say â€Å"period† at the end of a sentence to emphasize a point. Furthermore, we see the same punctuation mark used for: Decimal points (e.g., 3.1415) Abbreviations (e.g., â€Å"Prof.† or â€Å"Dr.†) Ellipses (i.e., a series of three dots used to indicate an omission [†¦]) The period is therefore very versatile! Technically, however, it only counts as â€Å"terminal punctuation† when used at the end of a sentence. The Question Mark We use question marks to show that a written sentence is a question. This only applies, however, when asking a direct question. For an indirect question (i.e., a question within a statement), we use a period instead: Direct Question: Is brevity the soul of wit? Indirect Question: He asked me whether brevity is the soul of wit. Finally, you can use either a period or a question mark after a rhetorical question. Make sure to apply punctuation consistently if you ask more than one rhetorical question in a document, though. The Exclamation Point Exclamation points are the most enthusiastic punctuation marks. We use them when we want to show that something is surprising or exciting, or to express strong emotions in general: Help! My writing lacks brevity and therefore wit! Here, for example, the exclamation marks indicate urgency (or possible panic). You can also use an exclamation point in fictional dialogue to show that a character is shouting or speaking loudly. â€Å"How witty!† Tim whooped in excitement. Keep in mind, though, that exclamation points lose their impact if overused. They are therefore best used sparingly, and you may want to avoid them completely in formal or academic writing. Summary: What Is Terminal Punctuation? Terminal punctuation indicates the end of a sentence. These marks include: Periods – Used for any sentence that is not a question or exclamation Question marks – Used to indicate a direct question Exclamation points – Used to express surprise or strong feelings If you need help with the punctuation in your writing, check out our services. Terminal punctuation marks.

Amazon Utilizes a Unique Method in Delivering Books to Consumers, This Research Paper

Amazon Utilizes a Unique Method in Delivering Books to Consumers, This Network Is Called Whispernet - Research Paper Example E-commerce has profoundly altered the mode through which people used to traditionally buy goods and/or services as well as conduct business activities. The major markets of e-commerce can be identified as United States, United Kingdom and Japan in the current scenario. In the e-commerce segment, Amazon faces competition from several players. In North American region, the major players of e-commerce apart from Amazon are Apple, Wal-Mart and Sears, while in Latin America, BuscaPe.com, Groupon.com, Mercado Livre, and UOL play a dominating role among other e-retailers. In European region, the major players are eBay, DailyDeal.com, Weltbild.com and CooleDeals.com among other websites. Similarly, in Asian region the major e-commerce players are 360buy.com, Suning.com and Meituan.com among other websites. As these websites also operate in similar segment, they tend to act as major competitors for Amazon (yStats, â€Å"Global B2C E-Commerce Players Report 2011†). Irrespective of sever al competitors in the e-commerce sector, Amazon has shown significant growth in terms of its business and revenue. Thesis Statement The paper aims to develop an unambiguous understanding towards the impact of e-commerce over the business functions of Amazon. The paper describes how Amazon has utilized e-commerce in several aspects of business in order to gain higher revenue. The paper also describes the strategies used by Amazon analysing the telecommunication approaches used by the company. Company Characteristics Historically, Amazon has tangled itself strictly with e-commerce trends and was successful in developing its business functions from mere book selling to an e-retailing company. By recognising the growth trend of internet, Amazon had commenced offering ‘virtual bookstore’ facilities providing opportunities to buyers to view books along with reviews before purchasing. Amazon commenced its operations online in 1997 with a vision to retail books with low-cost co mpared to other traditional book retailers. In 1998, Amazon expounded the product line from books to other items to strengthen its position in e-commerce (Pearson Education, â€Å"Introduction to E-commerce†). The mission of Amazon is to emerge as a customer oriented company and attain the leadership position in the online retailing market. Amazon’s objective is to satisfy the requirement and desire of customers in e-commerce segment. It is the goal of the organisation to increase the efficiency and productivity of business and turn into a preferable website for online shopping of books along with other products. Organizational Structure Presently, Amazon follows the virtual organisational structure which is a modern form of business introduced in the 21st century. As a virtual organization, Amazon possesses a widespread geologically dispersed work culture, empowered by innovative telecommunication

"Unethical conduct" during a negotiation Essay

"Unethical conduct" during a negotiation - Essay Example Lewis (1985) expresses the idea that it is difficult to determine which practices in business are ethical and which not. There is no definition which business practices are considered unethical. There is no common denominator as to what is unethical in business negotiations. Peoples views about ethical behaviour vary, depending on their culture, upbringing, age group, educational background and possibly even gender. Even though, there is no definition, it will be fair to admit that as long as participants are willing to approach each others arguments in an honest way and exchange information in a socially agreeable way without abusing their powers this is an ethical business negotiation (Lewis, 1985). Negotiating is indeed conveying the information in a way that persuades the counterpart (Lewicki and Robinson, 1998). Thus, the primal source for unethical conduct lies in the honesty of the exchanged information. In this train of thought, bluff, lies and deception all come as natural tools and negotiators use them to manipulate in order to turn the deal in their favour. Threatening can also be interpreted as an unethical practice and a way to demonstrate who has the upper hand. However, Lewicki et al (2001) suggest that power in negotations should not be viewed as coercive or absolute. Even though the power in negotiations is the capacity to influence and get the desired outcome, there should be a clear line between using power in interpersonal situations and that of applying it in business environment. According to Lewicki (1983), when negotiators decide to use lying, it is to gain power over the opponent by providing false information. Lying can take the form of bluffing or deception. Sometimes such practices can be considered as a strategy in the business game. Business ethics should not be confused with morals and ethics in the private life. By and large bluffing is morally right and is accepted in

Funding Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Funding Higher Education - Essay Example In the present times, corporate organizations are known to support the funding of higher education all across the world. Such organizations make investments in educational research that prove to be beneficial for their own operations. The budgets of such organizations are spent on educational institutions in their own countries also sending their workers for training and development. The post secondary education has been observed to have become highly intangible for students across different countries. The primary reasons behind such a scenario include the cost and the unavailability of adequate spaces for educations. In such a midst of necessity for high quality of higher education for students across different countries in the world, it can be said that corporate organizations are the ones who would benefit the most from investing and contributing in the process of funding of higher education (Ehidiamen n.d.). The present study focuses on the issues of funding higher education and tries to determine how such issues may be resolved by actions of organizations, considering two different organizations for the study. ... According to the Law on Institutions of Higher Education â€Å"The number of study places to be financed from the funds of the State budget in an institution of higher education shall be determined by the Minister for Education and Science on the basis of a proposal of the Council of Higher Education. The number of study places in institutions of higher education founded by local governments and other legal persons and natural persons shall be determined by the founder of these institutions of higher education† (Juris et al 2006). According to the Law on Institutions of Higher Education, â€Å"the Higher Education Council has extensive competence and functions, including issues of funding the higher education† (Juris et al 2006). It constitutes the power of planning schemes for the development of higher education and the fees for the study, thus offering an outlook to the Minister for Education and Science and the Cabinet in regard to the outline of the State budget for the funding of institutions of higher education. â€Å"Membership of the Higher Education Council is confirmed by Parliament – Saeima. The Higher Education Council’s resources to realize its mandate are limited, however† (Juris et al 2006). With significant decrease in the expenditures made by the public on higher education, a crisis has been observed across the world affecting the process of development. Several countries across the world have imposed severe decreases in public budgets for higher education. Such measures had to be done due to many of the policies of economic reforms of the countries or influenced by the underlying principle for the condensed

Meiji Era (1868-1912) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Meiji Era (1868-1912) - Essay Example The government industrialized the nation with the assistance of investing in enterprises owned by the state, development of the infrastructure for industries and obtained technology, machinery form developed nations such as European countries and privatization of industries. Japan's isolation from other parts of the world did not begin industrialization as early as the other western European countries. The Japanese government by that time tried to resist western influence in trade, and until 1853, they closed their trading boarders and ports for any trading activity with foreigners. They engaged in no foreign contact unless it was decidedly necessary and the laws forbade any Japanese civilian to travel. Japanese government also ensured that there was only one seaport open to trade with any western nation. The port of Nagasaki was the connection point for any trading activity with the western countries especially the Dutch and Chinese ships.2 In 1853, the president of America at that time sent the American commando, Mathew Perry, with a fleet of steam-powered ships (the back ships) to force a trade treaty with Japan and open the Japanese ports and boarders to trade with other parts of the world. Captain Perry gave the Japanese government one year of decision-making, and when he returned in 1954, the Japanese signed the treaty under the influence of force and opened their gates to the world trading. This was an indication of how the Japanese were weak in both economy and military.3 Creation of industrial infrastructure The Japanese realized that they needed a strong modern military to avoid intimidation by any foreign nation. However, the old rule of Tokugawa did not share the view modernizing their weapons and military. In 1968, the old Tokugawa government collapsed, and marked the beginning of the Meiji era when the Japanese begun serious consideration of modernization. However, the military modernization and arsenal buildup could not come alone; it included th e industrialization and industrial buildup of Japan and its principal cities2. Even though, there were several oppositions against industrialization, the Meija government proceeded with the modernization process. The government begun with sponsoring the telegraph system that connected the greatest cities in Japan, then they built roads and, shipyards rail network. The Meiji government also facilitated the building of mines, textile industries, munitions factories, experimental factories and agricultural stations. The leaders reloaded their efforts of military modernization including compulsory military service for all men, establishment of small standing army and a large reserve army system to boost their national security. They also engaged in foreign military education and consultation from studying foreign military, using foreign military advisors and sending cadets abroad Europe and America to study military education4. The Meiji government’s chief aim was to restore Japa nese isolation, but still maintain their contact with the west.

First thing First Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

First thing First - Essay Example I said, "Honey, Pastor Jamal is going to be on Paula White Ministry and youve got to see it." He said "Ok." I was happy that he was willing to watch with me. As he stood in the middle of the room watching, I stood right behind him. After the program was off, I asked what his thought on first fruit was. He said it made sense. After introducing the idea to him, I left the room. I waited until the next morning and while we were sitting at the table I said, " Honey, I was hoping you give first fruit with your first paycheck in January." He understood why I wanted him to participate and loved how I explained it to him, but he had already made plans to use the money for something else. There was no changing his mind. He had his heart set on using his first pay check to purchase parts for his motorcycle. Since getting his motorcycle chrome out was a big deal to him, I had to drop the issue for the moment, but I was not finished with him yet. Later that evening I repeated what he had said about first fruit and how he agreed that it is important back to him. He finally said, "Well, I knew you were going to do what you wanted anyway. If it makes you happy go ahead." After thinking about it, I did not use his check for first fruit. I paid the bills and decided to ask about giving first fruit two months before the New Year. I would still use the same approach, but I would start earlier in getting him prepared to give up his whole pay

Meiji Era (1868-1912) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Meiji Era (1868-1912) - Essay Example The government industrialized the nation with the assistance of investing in enterprises owned by the state, development of the infrastructure for industries and obtained technology, machinery form developed nations such as European countries and privatization of industries. Japan's isolation from other parts of the world did not begin industrialization as early as the other western European countries. The Japanese government by that time tried to resist western influence in trade, and until 1853, they closed their trading boarders and ports for any trading activity with foreigners. They engaged in no foreign contact unless it was decidedly necessary and the laws forbade any Japanese civilian to travel. Japanese government also ensured that there was only one seaport open to trade with any western nation. The port of Nagasaki was the connection point for any trading activity with the western countries especially the Dutch and Chinese ships.2 In 1853, the president of America at that time sent the American commando, Mathew Perry, with a fleet of steam-powered ships (the back ships) to force a trade treaty with Japan and open the Japanese ports and boarders to trade with other parts of the world. Captain Perry gave the Japanese government one year of decision-making, and when he returned in 1954, the Japanese signed the treaty under the influence of force and opened their gates to the world trading. This was an indication of how the Japanese were weak in both economy and military.3 Creation of industrial infrastructure The Japanese realized that they needed a strong modern military to avoid intimidation by any foreign nation. However, the old rule of Tokugawa did not share the view modernizing their weapons and military. In 1968, the old Tokugawa government collapsed, and marked the beginning of the Meiji era when the Japanese begun serious consideration of modernization. However, the military modernization and arsenal buildup could not come alone; it included th e industrialization and industrial buildup of Japan and its principal cities2. Even though, there were several oppositions against industrialization, the Meija government proceeded with the modernization process. The government begun with sponsoring the telegraph system that connected the greatest cities in Japan, then they built roads and, shipyards rail network. The Meiji government also facilitated the building of mines, textile industries, munitions factories, experimental factories and agricultural stations. The leaders reloaded their efforts of military modernization including compulsory military service for all men, establishment of small standing army and a large reserve army system to boost their national security. They also engaged in foreign military education and consultation from studying foreign military, using foreign military advisors and sending cadets abroad Europe and America to study military education4. The Meiji government’s chief aim was to restore Japa nese isolation, but still maintain their contact with the west.

Understand the attributes and skills of a leader Essay

Understand the attributes and skills of a leader - Essay Example They follow it up by the creation of a plan, monitoring and control of activities and then reporting and reviewing the entire process (Braun, et al., 2014). The managers for the group are responsible for the establishment of communication standards, group approach, anticipation and resolution of group conflicts, monitoring and maintaining ethics, discipline and integrity. Moreover, they are responsible for the development of group capability, maturity, team-spirit, morale, cooperation and team working, and they monitor all the process going on in the group (Adair, 2015). For the guidance of the team and the organization, the setup of effective objectives is very crucial for a leader. If the objectives are formulated badly, they can lead the entire organization in the direction that is wrong. In order to setup the SMART objectives, here is what needs to be done (Bill, 2004). Before starting on the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely) objectives, the first thing that needs to be done is the distinguishing between the aims and objectives, and targets and goals. Objectives are supposed to be the battle-plans while the goals and aims are supposed to be aspiration-related. The best way to use the SMART technique is actually using it as MARST instead (Wolf & Akkaraju, 2014). Measure the objectives that you can achieve, by counting the evidences. Then, link the measurable with the achievable, because there is no point spending time on objectives that cannot be achieved. Follow the achievable with the realistic, because if the objectives are not realistic, they will not be achievable. After that worry about the specifications of the objectives, and then set timely deadlines for achieving the objectives in that specific timeframe (Reber, 2014). I worked on a team that had concerns that few team members were putting in limited efforts and imparting a negative impact on the rest

Life Cycle Costing Essay Example for Free

Life Cycle Costing Essay It expects the new products to have a life cycle of 3 years and the following costs have been estimated. Particulars| Year 0| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Units manufactured and sold| | 25,000| 100,000| 75,000| Price per unit| | ? 90| ? 80| ? 70| Research and Development Costs| ? 850,000| ? 90,000| | -| Production Costs| | | | | Variable cost per unit| | ? 30| ? 25| ? 25| Fixed costs| | ? 500,000| ? 500,000| ? 500,000| Marketing Costs| | | | | Variable cost per unit| | ? 5| ? 4| ? 3| Fixed Cost| | ? 300,000| ? 200,000| ? 200,000| Distribution Cost| | | | | Variable cost per unit| | ? 1| ? 1| ? 1| Fixed Cost| | ? 90,000| ? 190,000| ? 190,000| Customer service cost per unit| | ? 3| ? 2| ? 2| Required to calculate the cost per unit looking at the whole lifecycle and comment on the price to be charged. Question 3 Fjalar AS, a software company developing a new accounting package, â€Å"General Ledger†. The following are the budgeted amounts for General Ledger over a five-year product life cycle: Particulars| Year 1 2| Year 3 to 5| | | One-time set-up Cost| Cost per package| Research Development Cost| ? 240,000| | | Design Cost of process| ? 160,000| | | Production Cost| | ? 100,000| ? 25| Marketing Cost| | ? 0,000| ? 24| Distribution Cost| | ? 50,000| ? 16| Customer service Cost| | ? 80,000| ? 30| For strategic reasons, Fjalar AS have chosen to â€Å"skim the market† by charging higher price to customers eager to try General Ledger when it first comes out, and lower prices to customers who are willing to wait. The projected selling price per package and sales quantity in units is given below: Particulars| Year 3| Year 4| Year 5| Selling price per package| ? 600| ? 480| ? 400| Sales quantity in units| 5,000| 4,000| 2,500| You are required to calculate the life cycle c ost per unit and its operating profit.

Understanding crowd behaviour

Understanding crowd behaviour There are many vague definitions of the term a crowd one of which is defined as by the Oxford Dictionary() as a large number of people gathered together, usually without orderly arrangement and Le Bon (2006:15) defines a crowd as a gathering of individuals of whatever nationality, profession or sex and whatever be chances that have brought them together. The Oxford Dictionary() also defines behaviour as a manner of behaving or the response of an organism to a stimulus in regards to this literature the stimulus could be the emotions of others, or a shared experience within the crowd, or factors contributing to emotions within individuals in a crowd. Getz (2007:293) states that understanding crowd emotions and behaviour is essential for most events But Crowd management, however, is not simply achieved by attempting to control the audience, but by trying to understand their behaviour and the various factors which can affect this. (HSE, 2009:46) It is also noted in the HSE (2009) that the behaviour of crowds at events is determined by their own personal goals and motivations. This literature review will look at the frameworks behind three theories of crowd behaviour, as it is imperative to understand the psychological behaviour of crowds (Kendall 2008:545). The theories concerned are:- -Classic theories Contagion Theory Convergence Theory -Emergent- Norm Theory It will seek to identify key factors that can change behaviour within crowds and the impacts these can have on outdoor events. The literature underpinning research into crowd behaviour stems from disciplines such as psychology and sociology, with an apparent lack of recent research into crowd behaviours at large outdoor events. Crowd Behaviour Theories It is noted that the two classical theories that are reviewed, are the foundations of what has been formed today, they have evolved over time, but it is provided as an overview of crowd behaviour theories. Contagion Theory There are two key authors of the Group Mind theory, Le bon Freud It is important to recognise that the widely cited works of Gustave Le Bon, from his 1895 book, The Crowd was based on his observations of crowds during the French revolution, and are a long way from the crowds that are experienced today. Le Bon (2006) stated that crowds were protected by the anonymity of crowds and that individual responsibility was discarded, consequently forgetting their normal values and ability to think and to reason. He also assessed that ideas and emotions within the crowd became contagious and spread rapidly. However Reicher (2003:186) suggests that contagion theory is an affect of suggestibility, and that an individual sacrifices personal interest in favour of the collective interest of the crowd It is then understood that Individuals within crowds are more likely to involve themselves in antisocial behaviour as the anonymity provided makes them feel invulnerable, it is this collective behaviour that is understood to be irrational and that individuals will undertake actions within a crowd environment that they would normally resist. Freud believed that the crowd Unlocks the unconscious and that in normal daily situations moral standards are maintained because they are installed in the human psyche as the super ego. However in a crowd situation the leader of the group surpasses the super ego and now controls the unconscious, leading to uncivilised impulses (Hewstone Manstead, 1996:152) Criticisms My understanding of this theory is that it does not identify as to why some crowds become violent and other remain passive. 2. Convergence Theory Convergence theorists such as, Reicher (1984), and McPhail (1991), argue that individuals within a crowd do not loose personal identity, as stated in the contagion theory, but they communicate personal beliefs and values so that the crowds behaviour is that of similar feeling. It is understood that convergence theory is more rational as it focuses on the shared beliefs and emotions within a crowd. It is possible that individual can exploit the protection of being in a crowd to participate in behaviours that would normally be repressed. Criticisms However it does not give way to why individuals in this crowd, who share similar beliefs, behave differently. Emergent-Norm Theory Key Authors identified:- Turner and Killian Turner and Killian (1993) as cited in Kendall (2008:547) concede that crowds are understood to develop their own definition of a situation and therefore establish their own norms -social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behaviour in given situations (Sharpe, 2007:508 )that reflect the occasion and provide standards that allow decisions to be made about how people will interact with each other. (Sharpe,2007) Adang et al (2004) identifies that in every crowd you can spot individuals doing such things as initiating chats, shouting directions and in extreme cases initiating violence. FIND THEORY IN TURNER AND KILLIAN Emergent-Norm Theory argues that the appearance of unanimity among the participants in incidents of collective behaviour accompanies the emergence of dominant norms and according to this theory, once a dominant norm emerges group members disagreeing with it keep quiet out of fear of group censure (Aguire et al, 1998) rephrase Analysis of theories Factors of Crowd Behaviour Berlonghi (1995) argues that by simply saying a crowd is a large number of people gathered closely together is a mistake and that it essential to distinguish one individual from another. By being unable to make distinctions about the crowd it leaves crowd control and crowd management ineffective. He also recognises those events that are a success, that never become publicised are they the consequence of effective planning, or simply the result of good luck. Crowd Catalysts It would appear that there are a multitude of factors that can influence behaviours between individuals in a crowd. Berlonghi (1995) has identified factors that may contribute to, or trigger a crowd from being one that is managed to one that needs to be controlled. Operational Circumstances Lack of parking, sold out event, and no show of performers are all examples of factors that can modify a crowds behaviour, an example of how crowd behaviour changed can be identified by The Rage Factor a Rage Against The Machine gig, which took place in Finsbury Park in 2010. Tickets were available by Ballot to celebrate the campaign that got the band to number one the previous Christmas. 180,000 people had applied for tickets with only 40,000 being available. It is reported that several hundred fans scaled the fence. (Gittins, 2010) Reading Festival has been forced to apply for extension to the number of early bird tickets allowing 20,000 people to arrive before the stated start of the event; this was due to an ever-increasing amount of festival goers arriving at the festival entrance prior to the event over the last few years. (Reading Borough Council, 2010) Event Activities Fireworks, video replays, and lasers may provoke actions within the crowd. Performers Action Sexual or violent gestures towards the crowds, Latitude festival 2010 witnessed an attack on the crowd, with Crystal Castles front women appearing to lash out after allegedly being groped by a male fan as she was crowd surfing. The singer repeatedly threw punches into the crowd and subsequently she stormed off stage before the allotted time, with widespread booing from the back of the fields (NME, 2010) The HSE (1999) states that event organisers should be aware of the history of the performers and also the audience which they attract. Spectator factors Anti social behaviour can impact a crowd not just the individual, and is having an impact in how events are being delivered (Connell, 2009). Kemp et al (2007) as cited in Connell (2009) have identified that alcohol and drugs are a major factor in determining crowd behaviour. The Guardian (2010) reported that at T in the Park festival in Kinross-shire, Scotland, there were 2 rapes and an attempted murder. Some festival goers believe a major part of the problem is a changing demographic among those attending, with drinking and drug taking surpassing the music. Security or Police Use of excessive policing, arguments with attendees and abuse of authority can spark aggression within the crowd. It has become increasingly accepted that the outcome of crowd events cannot be explained solely on what crowd members do, but must also address police actions (Adang, 2004). It is usual to use police to control a crowd but this often then leads to confrontation with the police (Argyle, 1992). Man Made Disasters Structural failure can be problematic not just for those directly injured, but by crowd surges fleeing the event. Crowd surges are often reported at both small and large events, and can be catastrophic. Conclusion The primary focus of this review is to understand crowd behaviours and factors which can impact the outcome of a crowds behaviour. Once the variable factor has caused an impact, it is then the individuals within the crowd that will react to the stimulus, and form themselves into the parameters of crowd behaviour that have been outlined by theorists. It is evident that there are factors within all three theories that can be imparted into observations within crowds at music festivals it is possible to envisage actions at outdoor music events that can be explained by these theories, however much of the recent literature simply reiterated these theorists with an apparent lack of observation towards currents trends and attitudes in society. The effects of crowd behaviour within outdoor music events can be catastrophic should event managers not take into consideration the factors that can affect the behaviour of both small and large crowds. If event managers fail to understand individuals within a crowd, and the potential that they have to physically change the dynamics of the crowd around them, they face disastrous consequences. Recommendations In 2010 there were over 450 music festivals alone in the UK (Winterman, 2010) and there has been little research into Anti Social Behaviour at events including the motives of gatecrashers at events attendees attempting to enter events without a ticket and the consequences that such actions can have on crowd safety at events. None of the theories above draw attention to why some crowds are organised and others spontaneous, by looking at the motivations of individuals at music festivals we may begin to further understand anti social behaviour at these events.

Are Cell Phones Necessary? :: Technology Communication Essays

Are Cell Phones Necessary? Sifting through his latest screenplay on the way to class, Geoff Yetter ignores the muffled sound of a computer-generated rendition of Johan Pachelbel’s Canon in D coming from inside his book bag. â€Å"Porcupined onions,† he curses to himself. â€Å"I’ll call them back when I’m free.† Yetter, a senior film and video studies major at the University of Oklahoma, said that although he has a cell phone, it is only because he considers them to be a â€Å"necessary evil.† â€Å"At the risk of coming off as one of those ‘hippie’ types, I truly see a cell phone as a leash that ties you to a world that man shouldn't belong to,† he said. â€Å"No matter how much one tries, you can never escape anyone if you have a cell phone.† Over 110 million Americans own a cell phone, according to a study done by the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA). With an average of 46,000 new subscribers every day, CTIA experts project that in 2005 there will be over 1.25 billion cell phone users worldwide. Increasing numbers of college students are abandoning landlines in lieu of simply using their cell phones as their only contact number, said an Oct. 10, 2004 Wesleyan Argus article on the drop in dorm phone subscription rates at Wesleyan University. The article calls the drop so significant that landlines on campus â€Å"seem anachronistic.† In a school like Northeastern University,a fast-paced, career-driven school in a major metropolitan area, having a cell phone is almost a necessity for students. While there are many factors to consider when deciding to purchase a cell phone – convenience, price, minute plan, clarity of service, when it will be used, health risks– it comes down to a simple necessity of a convenience for most people, said the Argus article. â€Å"I have my cell phone to keep in touch with friends and family from home,† said Kirsten Baxter, a junior mechanical engineering major at Northeastern University. â€Å"My family lives on the West Coast so it would be long distance on a regular phone so I (set up) a cell phone plan with nationwide minutes.† Having a cell phone also makes more sense for her as a college student because with a landline she might have to set up a new number every time she moves in addition to it being obviously less portable, she said. Many newer cell phone models are multimedia devices with â€Å"telephone† merely being one of the features.

Performing a cable installation Essay

When performing a cable installation, there are a lot of things that you have to put into consideration. First, you want to draw up a plan. Some things that you would want to include in the plan would be: where your telecommunications rooms are located, what is the distance from your leased line to your core router, and what type of cable are you going to be using for your backbone and horizontal lines. The first thing shouldn’t be cost when you are designing a network. You want to think of the safety and how your network will function with different mediums of cable. These things are important because your network has to meet the needs of the company. You also want to make sure you have things in place like what type of fire protection your network will have. You want to make sure your racks in your telecommunication rooms are grounded properly. Without these things your network will not be very safe. You want it to be useful but you don’t want to lose everything in a telecommunications room because you failed to plan ahead for accidents that can happen. Once you have your plan intact and it has been approved you need to think about how you are going to get this cable in the building. What types of tools are you going to need? If you are going to run CAT 5e though out the building you will need several different tools; such as cable pulleys, punch downs, wire cutters, and cable strippers. You will need most of these tools to install your cable into your building. There will be a few different tools you will need if you are putting cable into a preexisting building. You may then need a fish tape or fiberglass push pole. It really depends on the type of job you are going to be doing and what type of cable or fiber you are going to be working with. This will determine what tools you will need to get the job done correctly and safely. If you are at a worksite and don’t have any wire strippers you could also use a razor blade knife to strip the jacket off the cable. It is something that will work if you don’t have any strippers handy. But of course this is not the most used method to strip cable. It will work if you need it right then. All the things that I have talked about are important because it will help  you to make sure you have a plan that covers everything. You not only need to think about cost but safety as well. Make sure you have the right tools for the right job. Also make sure your measurements are correct cause this could also make or break your network plan. Definitions: Wall plate – it is the plastic or metal plate that screws into the wall. It has some sort of connector, usually coax, rj11, rj45, duplex receptacle, or fiber optic. This is where the device plugs into the wall. Connector – a device that joins two pieces of cabling Crossover cable – A crossover cable is a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for LANs (local area network) in which the wires on the cable are crossed over so that the receive signal pins on the RJ-45 connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on the RJ-45 connector on the other end. NIC – A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network HUB – An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater or hub is a device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. Bridge – A device used to connect two separate Ethernet networks into one extended Ethernet. Bridges only forward packets between networks that are destined for the other network. Term used by Novell to denote a computer that accepts packets at the network layer and forward them to another network Switch – A switch is a multi-port network bridge that processes and forwards data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches have additional features, including the ability to route packets. These switches are commonly known as layer-3 or multilayer switches. Router – A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, commonly specialized hardware. This creates an overlay internetwork, as a router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. Infrared (IR) – Infrared (IR) is a wireless mobile technology used for device communication over short ranges. Radio Frequency – RF is any frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF current is supplied to an antenna, an  electromagnetic field is created that then is able to propagate through space. Many wireless technologies are based on RF field propagation. Microwave – A series of microwave repeaters, spaced up to 50 miles (80 kilometers) apart, which relay messages over long distances using highly directional microwave beams.

Not White Just Right Response Essay

After reading â€Å"Not White, Just Right†, an article by Rachel Jones, I could not help but relate to her. In the article, Jones elaborates more on her popular essay, â€Å"What’s Wrong with Black English† while also mentioning others who share in her opinion. I, too, was ridiculed in school for talking too â€Å"white†. In public schools African American students are mocked and shunned by their â€Å"brothers and sisters† for speaking or even behaving in an intelligent manner, as if intelligence is unacceptable in our community. I have been the outcast for that single reason. However those who spoke like third graders in the tenth grade were praised and welcomed in the Black community. To that I have to admit that we have fallen from the times of Dr. King and Fredrick Douglas, when we knew as African Americans that we are just as intelligent as Caucasian men. This is not the future our leaders have fought so hard for. It is infuriating to witness young African Americans not only in public school but in college speaking as if they have no intelligence. I am only a freshman and I cannot count the number of times I’ve heard other freshmen and upperclassmen use grammatically incorrect phrases like, â€Å"what that is† and â€Å"I ain’t goin nowhere†. Speech like this amongst my African American peers only angered me in high school, now it depresses me. It is depressing to see so many educated African Americans speak as if they had dropped out of high school, just because it is â€Å"cool† and they do not want to talk â€Å"white†. A mentality like that will always keep us as African Americans at the bottom of society. How do we expect to be seen as equally intelligent as Caucasian people if we do not even speak as if we are educated on a higher level? Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to thank Ra chel Jones for writing those two texts about young African American lingual. It is about time that someone made it public to the Black community that this speech is NOT conserving our culture; it is keeping us from reaching our goals and becoming successful.

Mexican War and the Spanish American War Essay

Both the Mexican War and the Spanish War were a result of unfair treatment against weaker nations. The origins of the Mexican War lay with the United States and its expansionistic policies. Most Americans believed they had a divine right to bring their culture among others, because they were superior. This belief was put forth by Manifest Destiny, which had been circulating around the United States for a long time. The ignorance possessed by the Americans show no courtesy toward the Mexicans. Under the administration of President Polk, America adopted an aggressive expansion policy that often ignored many inferior countries. In 1492, it was Spain whom sailed across the Ocean and colonized the Amerindian nations of the Western Hemisphere. At its greatest extent, the empire that resulted from this exploration extended from Virginia on the eastern coast of the United States south to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America excluding Brazil and westward to California and Alaska. The ambitious United States paid no attention to Spain and aggressively sought more territory and influence in Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. The war started when the United States declared war on Spain after the sinking of an American vessel (Battleship Main) in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898. They war ended on December 10, 1898 after the unfair Treaty of Paris, in which Spain lost all of its overseas possessions including Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, Guam, and many others. Both the Mexican War and the Spanish American War were a direct result in the abusive ways of superior power and influence. Manifest Destiny was more encouraged when Polk became President. He was elected president because of his strong support in bringing Oregon and Texas into the Union. President Polk was clearly the antagonist when he sent troops under General Zachary Taylor into land that Mexico held sovereignty, sparking a war. Polk now drafted a message to Congress: Mexico had â€Å"passed the boundary of the United States, had invaded our territory and shed American blood on American soil.† Whether the Mexicans had fired the first shot or the Americans, whether the armies were on Mexican territory or American territory, Polk got his war. Despite the plea of innocence, Mexico cannot escape blame for the war. Mexico never had a strong centralized government to negotiate with a foreign state. Mexico was never even  successful in governing themselves for the time being. Mexico was on the verge of bankruptcy and their army was inadequately trained and equipped. The country was awash with political turmoil throughout the war, indeed, throughout the century, making it near impossible for them to ever conduct a sound defense of the country. Nevertheless, the United States, as a superior nation under Polk’s Presidency assumed an aggressive war like attitude toward Mexico without consideration of the Mexican stance. The conflict between the Spanish and Americans grew dramatically when General Valeriano Weyler began implementing a policy of Reconcentration that moved the population into central locations guarded by Spanish troops and placed the entire country of Cuba under martial law in February 1896. The American government was once again looking to exploit their defenseless neighbors and gain more influence in the countries. The main targets were Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Cuba was the first to initiate its own struggle for independence from Spain. America, being the closest superior power intervened in Cuba’s affairs. The Philippines were also growing intolerable to Spanish rule, and the United States took interest in the Philippines. Following its declaration of war against Spain issued on April 25, 1898, the United States added the Teller Amendment asserting that it would not attempt to exercise hegemony over Cuba. Under Commodore George Dewy at the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1st, the Spanish fleet under Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo was destroyed. The most disrespect followed the signing of the Treaty of Paris when Spain lost all of its overseas possessions. The superior powers, such as the United States, are always looking to profit themselves. During the Mexican war and the Spanish-American War, the dominance and ethnocentric ideals that America held flourished in many un-called-for, disrespectful disputes. The aggressive stance the troops held under Zachary Taylor under the orders of President Polk did not give room for negotiation. If the United States did not get what they wanted, they would insist by force, not by allowing the inferior nation in their eyes to make suggestions that regard their country and dignity. Both the Mexican War and the Spanish-American War resulted because of the unfair and unjust treatment that the United States held in their so-called foreign policy. Hispanic Division Library of Congress http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html A People A Nation 6th Edition The Mexican American War Memorial Homepage -from UMAN The Mexican American War Memorial Homepage -from UMAN Hispanic Division Library of Congress http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html Hispanic Division Library of Congress http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html

Service Sector Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service Sector Growth - Essay Example Other services include those that assist firms in conduct of operations within the regulatory regime, such as auditing and legal services. (Innovation : 2006). Thus these diverse services most of them knowledge based are supplementing traditional services as banking, tourism and leisure. This broad expanse now falling within the ambit of services has placed greater emphasis on the use of science and technology and innovation in this field. The internationalization of technology and its impact on national competitiveness also has a significant influence on the services sector. While traditionally services such as banking, retailing, business processing have not been considered amenable to research and development and innovation as compared to other emerging services such as software development and genetic engineering, this appears far from the truth. Thus innovation can also be employed for creation of growth in the services sector. (SETI : 2004). There is a growing trend which shows that a substantial amount of research and development is occurring in the services sector. While new products and processes were not unknown in the services sector but innovation in services more often related to changes in how, where and when a service is delivered. For instance, electronic banking is an innovative way to provide traditional banking services at home at any time. The growth of knowledge based work along with technological change and competition has also highlighted the need for innovation. Knowledge based work implies non routine, cognitive skills as abstract reasoning, problem solving, communication and collaboration which contribute to the services sector. However, services innovation need not be linked to changes in technology. Fast-food chains, like McDonalds, have applied innovative changes in delivery to obtain fast track growth in diverse geographic areas. To ensure that growth is constant and non linear, it is essential that the services sector is supported by suitable science, technology and innovations policies. Where policies are prevalent there is a need to review them to enable their rationalizing with the markets. (Future of Work: 2004). Innovation policy frameworks also need to focus on non technological facets of the services sector. This will come about once problems in traditional research and development activities have been recognized and importance is given to interactive people oriented actions. (SETI : 2004). The developed World is well aware of this need. Thus the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy at Ministerial Level has emphasized the importance of the policies for knowledge creation and innovation for sustainable economic growth and social well being. (Science : 2004). The need to involve the research enterprise and involve civil society and business in governance of public research has also bee n identified. The policy design is said to include an interface between innovation and science systems to harness benefits from investments in research. This will also facilitate effective industry science linkages. Policy Initiatives Fostering Growth Patents and copyrights are an essential part of the services industry particularly those related to information technology, knowledge creation